强化系统本质安全 持续保障稳定运行
中国(guo)工程院院士 舒印彪
习近平总书记强调(diao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源保(bao)障(zhang)和(he)安(an)全事关国计民生，是须臾不可(ke)忽视的(de)“国之大(da)(da)者”。党中(zhong)央提出“双碳(tan)”目标(biao)以来(lai)，各行各业迅速行动(dong)，积极推动(dong)建设(she)清洁低碳(tan)、安(an)全充(chong)裕(yu)、经济高(gao)(gao)效、供(gong)(gong)需协同、灵(ling)活智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)统(tong)，电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)统(tong)生产(chan)结(jie)(jie)构、运行机理、功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形态等发(fa)生深刻(ke)复(fu)杂(za)变化，面(mian)(mian)临(lin)电(dian)力(li)(li)保(bao)供(gong)(gong)与(yu)系(xi)统(tong)稳定(ding)两大(da)(da)安(an)全挑(tiao)战(zhan)(zhan)。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，电(dian)源结(jie)(jie)构由(you)可(ke)控连(lian)续出力(li)(li)的(de)煤电(dian)装(zhuang)机占(zhan)主导(dao)向强不确定(ding)性(xing)(xing)、弱可(ke)控出力(li)(li)的(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源发(fa)电(dian)装(zhuang)机占(zhan)主导(dao)转(zhuan)变，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源出力(li)(li)“靠天吃饭”，对电(dian)力(li)(li)保(bao)障(zhang)支撑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)弱，同时未来(lai)较(jiao)长一(yi)段时期内电(dian)力(li)(li)消(xiao)(xiao)费仍将刚性(xing)(xing)增(zeng)长，负荷特性(xing)(xing)由(you)刚性(xing)(xing)、纯(chun)消(xiao)(xiao)费型(xing)向柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)、生产(chan)与(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)费兼具型(xing)转(zhuan)变，发(fa)电(dian)和(he)负荷随(sui)机性(xing)(xing)、波动(dong)性(xing)(xing)增(zeng)强，电(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)需形势日趋复(fu)杂(za)，供(gong)(gong)应(ying)安(an)全面(mian)(mian)临(lin)长期压力(li)(li)。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、直流等大(da)(da)量替(ti)代常(chang)规机组(zu)，电(dian)动(dong)汽车、分布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等交互式用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)设(she)备广(guang)泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)，电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)统(tong)呈现高(gao)(gao)比例可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、高(gao)(gao)比例电(dian)力(li)(li)电(dian)子设(she)备的(de)“双高(gao)(gao)”特征(zheng)，系(xi)统(tong)转(zhuan)动(dong)惯(guan)量和(he)支撑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)下降，抗(kang)扰(rao)动(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)弱，故障(zhang)特性(xing)(xing)和(he)连(lian)锁反应(ying)更加复(fu)杂(za)，系(xi)统(tong)安(an)全运行面(mian)(mian)临(lin)挑(tiao)战(zhan)(zhan)。
国家(jia)发展改革委、国家(jia)能源局、国家(jia)数据局印发《加快(kuai)构(gou)建新型电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)方(fang)案（2024—2027年）》（以下(xia)简(jian)称《行(xing)动(dong)(dong)方(fang)案》），提(ti)出9大(da)专项(xiang)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)，其中“电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)稳定保障(zhang)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)”聚焦(jiao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)两大(da)安全(quan)问题，从源、网、荷、技术四方(fang)面，明确(que)了下(xia)阶段新型电(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)安全(quan)保障(zhang)总体要求(qiu)和重点任(ren)务，为各(ge)地(di)区和能源电(dian)力(li)(li)行(xing)业(ye)进(jin)一(yi)步夯实系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)稳定运行(xing)的物理基础，提(ti)供(gong)了重要的指(zhi)导(dao)作用。
从电网侧(ce)看，要优化加强主网架，打造清洁能源优化配置平(ping)台。
推进能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)洁低碳转(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)，关键是(shi)加快发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，尤(you)(you)其(qi)风电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太阳能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我国95%左右的(de)(de)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)过转(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加以利用。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)连接生产和(he)消费(fei)，是(shi)保障电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)送得出(chu)、用得好(hao)的(de)(de)关键平(ping)台，是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全运(yun)行的(de)(de)物理(li)基础，是(shi)构(gou)建(jian)新型(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)核心(xin)环节。随着(zhe)我国电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)需求的(de)(de)快速(su)(su)增(zeng)(zeng)长和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)结构(gou)的(de)(de)加速(su)(su)转(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)局部地(di)区(qu)还存(cun)在薄弱环节，骨(gu)干网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)脆弱性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)控制(zhi)复杂程度显著增(zeng)(zeng)加，大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)优(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)配置资源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)仍(reng)需进一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)强。《行动(dong)方案(an)》提出(chu)了优(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加强电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)主(zhu)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)，补齐结构(gou)短板，保障电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)可靠供(gong)应和(he)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)质量发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)总体要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)规划(hua)机制(zhi)。目(mu)前(qian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)各环节统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)规划(hua)还不(bu)(bu)够，尤(you)(you)其(qi)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)与常规电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)与调节电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)协(xie)同性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，影响(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)整体效率(lv)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)协(xie)调政府(fu)主(zhu)管部门(men)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企业(ye)、发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企业(ye)等(deng)建(jian)立沟通(tong)(tong)机制(zhi)，科(ke)学统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)筹(chou)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)新增(zeng)(zeng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)装机规模(mo)、结构(gou)、布局和(he)建(jian)设(she)时(shi)序，加强源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)荷(he)储协(xie)同规划(hua)，强化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)规划(hua)方案(an)安全稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)和(he)供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)论证，提升(sheng)规划(hua)方案(an)的(de)(de)适(shi)应性(xing)(xing)(xing)与安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)。另一(yi)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)持续补强特高(gao)压交直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)。当前(qian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)还存(cun)在强直(zhi)(zhi)弱交问(wen)题(ti)，交直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)协(xie)调性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，影响(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)整体安全，也不(bu)(bu)利于输电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)挥。要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善区(qu)域(yu)特高(gao)压交流(liu)主(zhu)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)，优(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)500千(qian)伏网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)，实现区(qu)域(yu)内各500千(qian)伏分区(qu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)余(yu)缺(que)互济。加快特高(gao)压直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)（含柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)）建(jian)设(she)，提高(gao)沙戈(ge)荒等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)外(wai)送支撑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)受(shou)端负荷(he)中心(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)应能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。结合交流(liu)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)(jia)承载(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，合理(li)控制(zhi)同送同受(shou)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)群(qun)规模(mo)。此外(wai)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)提升(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)抵御自然灾害能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。近年来极端天气(qi)、自然灾害频发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，影响(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安全运(yun)行，影响(xiang)(xiang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)发(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支撑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)尖(jian)峰负荷(he)，供(gong)需不(bu)(bu)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)确(que)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)加。要(yao)(yao)(yao)在自然条件恶劣(lie)、密集通(tong)(tong)道、同一(yi)气(qi)象带、冻雨覆冰等(deng)区(qu)域(yu)，针对重(zhong)(zhong)点区(qu)段(duan)、重(zhong)(zhong)点部位(wei)提升(sheng)杆(gan)塔、地(di)线等(deng)输变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备(bei)的(de)(de)差(cha)异化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)设(she)计，提升(sheng)工程可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)抵御灾害能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。同时(shi)，深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)极端情况下的(de)(de)供(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)分析，及时(shi)提出(chu)保供(gong)措(cuo)施建(jian)议(yi)。
从电(dian)源侧看(kan)，要提(ti)升新主体涉网性能，提(ti)高(gao)对系统稳定运(yun)行的支撑能力。
电(dian)动汽车(che)(che)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)快速发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，各类新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)涉(she)网(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)差(cha)异化(hua)明(ming)显，弱(ruo)抗扰动性(xing)(xing)和弱(ruo)支撑性(xing)(xing)对(dui)于(yu)系(xi)统(tong)稳定运(yun)行(xing)(xing)带来极大风险。未来新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)为(wei)供给(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)，负荷侧新(xin)(xin)要素(su)不(bu)断涌现，必须提(ti)升涉(she)网(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，增强(qiang)对(dui)电(dian)力保供和运(yun)行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全的(de)(de)(de)支撑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，推(tui)动公(gong)平承担安(an)(an)(an)全和成(cheng)本(ben)责(ze)任。《行(xing)(xing)动方案》提(ti)出了制修订相关标(biao)(biao)准与(yu)管(guan)(guan)理要求(qiu)，提(ti)高新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)涉(she)网(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、加(jia)强(qiang)入网(wang)(wang)(wang)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)点工作(zuo)举措。一方面要强(qiang)化(hua)技(ji)术与(yu)标(biao)(biao)准引领。充分发(fa)(fa)(fa)挥标(biao)(biao)准对(dui)于(yu)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)术发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)指导作(zuo)用，深化(hua)集中(zhong)式/分布式新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、电(dian)动汽车(che)(che)充电(dian)基础设(she)施(shi)等新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)接(jie)入电(dian)力系(xi)统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)交互影响研(yan)究(jiu)，构建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)标(biao)(biao)准体(ti)系(xi)，加(jia)快推(tui)进相关标(biao)(biao)准制修订。另一方面要加(jia)强(qiang)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)涉(she)及众多生产厂家海量型(xing)(xing)号，严把设(she)备(bei)(bei)入网(wang)(wang)(wang)关是(shi)保障其(qi)涉(she)网(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)环节(jie)。需要明(ming)确(que)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)流程、检(jian)(jian)测(ce)技(ji)术标(biao)(biao)准、检(jian)(jian)测(ce)资(zi)质要求(qiu)，持续完善新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、电(dian)动汽车(che)(che)充换电(dian)设(she)施(shi)接(jie)入电(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)手段。此外，要压实(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)管(guan)(guan)理责(ze)任。当前新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)尚未形成(cheng)明(ming)确(que)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全管(guan)(guan)控(kong)责(ze)任边界。亟需落(luo)实(shi)电(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)企业、相关业主(zhu)(zhu)、设(she)备(bei)(bei)制造单位在新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)理全流程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)职(zhi)责(ze)，构建集型(xing)(xing)式试(shi)验、到货抽检(jian)(jian)、电(dian)站调试(shi)、并(bing)网(wang)(wang)(wang)检(jian)(jian)测(ce)、建模仿真(zhen)、运(yun)行(xing)(xing)维护与(yu)评价为(wei)一体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)安(an)(an)(an)全与(yu)质量全流程管(guan)(guan)控(kong)体(ti)系(xi)。
从新技术(shu)看，要推进构(gou)网(wang)型技术(shu)应用，提升系统(tong)整体(ti)安全(quan)效率水(shui)平。
沙(sha)戈(ge)荒(huang)风光基地大都分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)远离主(zhu)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)人区(qu)或(huo)少人区(qu)，本地支(zhi)撑(cheng)(cheng)较(jiao)为薄(bo)弱(ruo)(ruo)；受(shou)端负荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)多(duo)(duo)(duo)直(zhi)流馈入替代(dai)同步(bu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)，常规电(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)装机(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)足，“空心(xin)化(hua)”问题突出，系(xi)(xi)统调(diao)频和(he)动(dong)态无(wu)功(gong)(gong)支(zhi)撑(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力减弱(ruo)(ruo)。构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)对(dui)于(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)送端“沙(sha)戈(ge)荒(huang)”高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)地区(qu)、受(shou)端“空心(xin)化(hua)”地区(qu)均有广泛的(de)(de)(de)应(ying)用(yong)需(xu)求(qiu)。《行(xing)动(dong)方(fang)(fang)案》提(ti)出要针对(dui)系(xi)(xi)统运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)需(xu)求(qiu)应(ying)用(yong)构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)，提(ti)升(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)支(zhi)撑(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)总体(ti)要求(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要因(yin)地制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜配(pei)(pei)置构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)。构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策略(lve)与参数的(de)(de)(de)灵活性使(shi)其可(ke)(ke)以(yi)适(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)场(chang)景稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)问题。要明确不(bu)同地区(qu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要矛(mao)盾，在(zai)沙(sha)戈(ge)荒(huang)等高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)外送地区(qu)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)(pei)置构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)抑制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暂(zan)态过电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，在(zai)负荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)(pei)置构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)提(ti)升(sheng)系(xi)(xi)统短路容量，在(zai)弱(ruo)(ruo)交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)可(ke)(ke)试点配(pei)(pei)置构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)提(ti)升(sheng)保供能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)有功(gong)(gong)快(kuai)速调(diao)节(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要加强(qiang)对(dui)构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)风险(xian)管控(kong)。构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)各厂家性能(neng)(neng)(neng)差异(yi)大，设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)与系(xi)(xi)统间不(bu)协调(diao)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)存在(zai)弱(ruo)(ruo)阻尼振(zhen)荡等稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)运(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)风险(xian)。要积极、稳(wen)(wen)妥地推(tui)动(dong)构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)试点落地应(ying)用(yong)，依(yi)据实际应(ying)用(yong)效果，加快(kuai)推(tui)动(dong)一(yi)(yi)批构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)标准(zhun)(zhun)，规范(fan)(fan)构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)设(she)(she)(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)支(zhi)撑(cheng)(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力要求(qiu)。此外，要完善支(zhi)持构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)应(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建设(she)(she)(she)(she)。目前，构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)快(kuai)速发展，但(dan)相(xiang)关(guan)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)较(jiao)为滞后。要进一(yi)(yi)步(bu)健全(quan)适(shi)应(ying)构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)主(zhu)体(ti)开展交易和(he)调(diao)度的(de)(de)(de)基本规范(fan)(fan)，完善电(dian)(dian)(dian)力辅助服(fu)务市场(chang)产品体(ti)系(xi)(xi)、准(zhun)(zhun)入条件、交易方(fang)(fang)式和(he)补偿标准(zhun)(zhun)，体(ti)现构(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)主(zhu)动(dong)支(zhi)撑(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)、频率、功(gong)(gong)角(jiao)稳(wen)(wen)定(ding)和(he)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)置消纳的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)维度价值。
从负荷(he)(he)侧看，要持(chi)续提(ti)升(sheng)电能(neng)质(zhi)量，适应新(xin)型负荷(he)(he)的随机性波动性。
大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)逆变(bian)器主导的(de)(de)新型(xing)(xing)(xing)负荷持(chi)续接入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网，负荷特(te)性多变(bian)，对(dui)(dui)于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理提(ti)出(chu)了(le)更高挑战。同时，随(sui)着分布式新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)快速发展，新型(xing)(xing)(xing)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形式不断(duan)涌(yong)现，配电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网有源(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)特(te)征明显，局(ju)部区域电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)越限、设备反向重过载等问(wen)题(ti)突出(chu)。《行动方(fang)案》提(ti)出(chu)了(le)压(ya)实各(ge)方(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理责(ze)(ze)任(ren)，加强电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)常(chang)态(tai)(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理的(de)(de)总体(ti)工作(zuo)部署。一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)攻关新型(xing)(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)问(wen)题(ti)防(fang)治技术(shu)。当前防(fang)治技术(shu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)针对(dui)(dui)单一干扰(rao)(rao)源(yuan)(yuan)，对(dui)(dui)于多电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)装备耦合(he)带(dai)来(lai)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)问(wen)题(ti)手段不足(zu)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)组织(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行业(ye)科研(yan)院所开展新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)设备大(da)规(gui)模接入后电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)越限、宽频(pin)振(zhen)荡及谐波综合(he)防(fang)治技术(shu)研(yan)究，研(yan)制谐波/振(zhen)荡抑制装置，提(ti)升(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)水(shui)平。另一方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)构建(jian)新型(xing)(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)技术(shu)标(biao)准体(ti)系(xi)(xi)。当前电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)相关标(biao)准对(dui)(dui)于新型(xing)(xing)(xing)主体(ti)并网下电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)评估(gu)(gu)适应性方(fang)面(mian)尚(shang)需(xu)(xu)完善(shan)。需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)修订电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)偏(pian)差(cha)、谐波等电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)指标(biao)限值标(biao)准，分行业(ye)细化(hua)(hua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)评估(gu)(gu)标(biao)准。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)压(ya)实电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理各(ge)方(fang)责(ze)(ze)任(ren)。加强发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)设备电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)特(te)性检测认证，压(ya)实发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企业(ye)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网企业(ye)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用户在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理中的(de)(de)主体(ti)责(ze)(ze)任(ren)，遵循“谁(shei)干扰(rao)(rao)，谁(shei)治理”的(de)(de)原则(ze)及时处(chu)理电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)问(wen)题(ti)，建(jian)立常(chang)态(tai)(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)控机制和规(gui)范化(hua)(hua)流程。
总的来(lai)看，《行(xing)动(dong)方案》对加快(kuai)推动(dong)新型电力系(xi)统稳定保障工作作出了(le)系(xi)统部(bu)署，提出的各(ge)项行(xing)动(dong)举(ju)措(cuo)务实(shi)有力，为实(shi)现我国能源加速转型背景(jing)下电力系(xi)统安全(quan)稳定运行(xing)奠定了(le)坚实(shi)基础。
（来源：中国电(dian)力(li)报(bao)）
